Taking "fine work" to "beautiful beauty"

黑白玉调色器

Chinese jade culture has a long history, from "Wu Yu" to "Wang Yu" to "Minyu". For thousands of years, Chinese people respected jade, loves jade, praises jade, appreciates jade, Daiyu, and jade culture. Jade is also one of the most profound and artistically successful Chinese traditional crafts in different applications.

Jade is not cut, not a device. For thousands of years, after a long period of germination origin, cultural and sublimation, application deification, innovation and other periods of exploration and accumulation, China has formed a splendid and unique jade carving culture history, and since ancient times, the north and south jade carvings have their own different Features. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the characteristics of “Northern Workers” and “Nangong” were more obvious. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the three pillars of “Jingshi”, “Suzhou” and “Yangzhou” were presented. The jade carving cultures have their own characteristics and blend with each other.

The development of modern jade carvings was restored and prospered after the founding of New China. Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Nanjing, Yangzhou, Guangzhou and other places have established jade carving factories, initially forming “Northern”, “Yangpai”, “Shanghai” and “South”. The four major jade carving art schools: "Northern School" jade carving masterpiece, "Yangpai" jade carving ancient and beautiful, "Haipai" jade carving exquisitely expressive, "Southern" jade carving ethereal and ethereal. Among them, Haipai jade carving is a backbone of China's jade carving industry. It has been more than 170 years since the opening of Shanghai in 1843. It has risen along with the growth of Shanghai, accompanied by the prosperity of Shanghai, and has become a national intangible cultural heritage.

After the opening of Shanghai, the Sino-foreign trade center gradually moved from Guangzhou to Shanghai, and Shanghai gradually developed into a “commercial port and financial center in the southeast”, which provided a broad space for the development of local culture and art: “Shanghai School” was the first in painting. The rise of the field has influenced the fields of literature and drama. Shanghai has also become the most important distribution port for jade articles. The jade carving artists in the surrounding areas such as Yangzhou Yugong and Suzhou Yugong have come to the fore. The jade carving art is naturally in this emerging “Oriental Paris”. "Flourishing, and interacting with other art, nourishment" - Jade carving artists represented by Wang Jinxi, Fu Changhua, Yang Hengyu, Hu Hongsheng, etc., have integrated in this particular cultural atmosphere and gradually formed a new style of sea jade carving. In 1915, the representative of the Shanghai-style jade carving "Jade Pearl Tower" won the "Panama International Fair", marking that this style has been recognized by the world, and also pointed out a clear direction for the development of the Haipai jade carving.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Haipai jade carving entered a stage of steady development, and gradually formed the artistic features of “exquisite carving, exquisite style, strict rigor, solemn and elegant”. There are many kinds of works, especially in the aspects of furnace bottles, animal parts and jade colors. With unique local characteristics, it has a high reputation in the jade carving industry throughout the country.

After the reform and opening up, the Shanghai jade carving industry ushered in a new development period, the export volume increased, the number of employees increased, the gross value of production increased, and the jade carvings were superimposed. "Black and White Jade Colors", "The Coral Sakyamuni Deborn Map", "Jae Zhou Zhongyi" Many works such as "卣" won the "Hundred Flowers Award" in Chinese Arts and Crafts. At the same time, market competition has also brought about the loss of skilled talents and the requirements of the era of corporate management mechanism transformation. In the 1990s, the Shanghai Jade Carving Factory was disintegrated, and the large-scale and centralized production mode of the Haipai jade carving was gradually replaced by small-scale, independent-operated individual workshops and studios, and the products changed accordingly – the small and medium-sized jade became The mainstream of Haipai jade carvings, a number of famous jade carvings emerged, in the spirit of "Haina", blending the essence of various jade carving techniques, and objectively discarding the Shanghai culture, and innovating in the tradition. Some jade carving artists use the modern art modeling elements to express the graceful wind in the humanistic spirit. Some jade carving artists apply the Chinese paper-cut and shadow-shadow projection techniques to the jade carving creation, forming a modern Shanghai-style jade carving “simple, refined, fashionable and beautiful. "Art style." The geographical concept of the Haipai jade carving is getting weaker and thinner, and its positioning as an art genre is becoming more and more clear.

Taking "fine work" to "beautiful beauty" is an important artistic soul of Haipai jade carving. The material selection emphasizes "exquisiteness", the design design emphasizes "exquisite", the production pays attention to "precision" and "fineness", and the overall emphasis on "fine but not craftsman" . This is particularly evident in the creation of the Haipai brand.

One of the important connotations of Chinese jade culture is the ethical connotation of jade given by Confucianism. In the Zhou Dynasty, jade was elected to the commanding heights of the moral symbol. Jade is no longer an artifact, but a symbol of the gentleman's character, reflecting the temperament of the Chinese scholar-official, so "the ancient gentleman will wear jade." The jade cards used in the Han Dynasty for play or furnishings began to flourish in the Ming Dynasty. Lu Zigang, a Suzhou jade carving artist in the Ming Dynasty, was also pioneeringly carving with a knife. He incorporated the literati painting elements of poetry, calligraphy and painting into the creation of jade carvings, and the stale atmosphere of jade carving techniques. The carving technique of "Zigangyu" has become "Wuzhong's stunt". Lu Zigang used the jade's flat plate as the "canvas", and painted and wrote poems with lines and bas-reliefs - "Zigang", also created The new realm of Chinese jade carving craft has become the representative of the literati jade carving. Until today, it is still the favorite form of creation of many jade carving artists.

Between the squares, thousands of people competing for the show, Vientiane, can be described as a vivid portrayal of the "Zigang brand". At present, the jade carving industry still has high requirements for the creation of jade cards: firstly, the materials are generally selected in large quantities, without water lines, cracks, impurities, high density, good oil quality, and the like. The requirements for neatness, symmetry, and normativeness are very strict, and no details can be overlooked. Once again, calligraphy, painting, literature, and sculpture are integrated. In addition to exquisite sculpting skills, it is necessary to have strong styling ability. Cultural and artistic accomplishment.

"Work" is the skeleton of all art, and "art" is the soul and life of the work. A classic antique person may be able to reproduce an excellent piece of ancient works, but for the creation of jade carving, its artistic life is withered. If the success of a traditional jade carving work lies in the standard form and skillful craftsmanship reflecting the cultural height of that era, then today’s jade carvings should also pursue how to better reflect the aesthetic and potential of the times. Spiritual needs. The weakening of the momentum of innovation is an important issue facing the jade carving industry, including the Shanghai-style jade carving. How to "innovate" and how to connect innovation with the spirit of the times and the "sorrowfulness" of human feelings can be described as a long way to go. Need to go up and down.

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