Although PP synthetic fibers have not been included in the list of the three major fibers in the past 20 years, they are still one of the most successful materials for development. In the past decade, the production of European PP staple fiber has grown by about 80% compared to other synthetic fibers. In particular, the application of automated vehicle textiles is very interesting. The reason for this is that PP fibers have the features of simple process, light weight, low water absorption, chemical resistance, anti-static property, and anti-fouling property. The advantage is an important factor for another consideration. Its characteristics are compared with other fibers as shown in Tables 1 to 3:
The non-volatile properties of PP materials are usually the highest among them. Due to the low water quality, the dyes and their chemical properties are very low. Poor force, with the dyeing and printing methods, both methods are used to color the effect. At present, the PP coloring is mostly in the color, and there is a mixture of C or O.C. To make it color, this method is used to kill people's lives. However, this method also has its inevitable unavoidability. ? V on the supporting arc can not keep Jian City strider text balloon hydroids bunk as Lu Bing c:?????????? o printing method, di e ?? .. Ji et al., therefore, to the use of O? color or demand? large carpet? popular clothing items and a small amount of product ??? ?? scull sole spit 〖boil Shà inter w ?? t? o the above missing?, its dyeing and printing of all good, therefore, how The general dyeing and finishing techniques, and the development of new materials, have made them become new materials that have become mandatory, and they have become a non-polar structure of PP fibers. It is generally believed that the inability to dye is the greatest concern. Due to the extremely low hydrophilicity of the fiber itself, the affinity between the dye and the chemical aid is not good. The use of traditional dyeing and printing methods can not achieve the effect of coloring. At present, most of the PP fiber coloring during spinning, adding organic or inorganic pigments to color, this method is simple, low cost and can obtain better fastness, however, this method also has its inevitable shortcomings, Only suitable for mass production of a single color system, can not keep up with the consumer market and update requirements on the chromatogram, other shortcomings such as: can not print, inventory backlog ... and so on, so the use of colorless or larger demand for carpet products And a small amount of popular apparel products, but the resistance to nylon and polyester fiber is not the above drawbacks, its dyeing and printing are good, so how to apply the general dyeing and finishing technology, PP fiber, make it become Popular new material has become an urgent task.
There have been many years of research on dyeing and finishing, printing techniques, and formulas. However, most of them have faced the dilemma of diverging from law and business, and they have studied the difficulties of research and development. The summary is as follows: The research of PP fiber in dyeing and finishing, printing technology and formulation has been for many years, but most of them face the dilemma of being unable to commercialize. The past research status is summarized as follows:
(1) Development of new dyes: (1) Research and development of new dyes:
Because of its high hardness and high crystallinity, even if it is disperse dyes, PP has a very low power to synthesize polymers.榱嗽黾 榱嗽黾 溆 H and force, it can be grafted on its color F aliphatic åº I ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 改善 改善 改善 改善 改善 改善 改善 改善 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Law to expand one step. PP fibers are hydrophobic fibers and have a high degree of crystallinity. Even if they are disperse dyes, their affinities with the polymers are very low, and they cannot achieve the above color values. To increase their affinity, PP fibers can be used on their chromophores. Grafting of aliphatic side bonds, although this improves the coloring rate, it cannot be further expanded due to high cost and limited dyeability.
(2) Local surface modification: (2) Local modification of the fiber surface:
The surface of the sample is modified by the same method. The oxidation or grafting method can make the PP material have the ability to take the dye and error w to form a copolymer. This method is cheap and has dyeing effect, but the rubbing fastness Poor, 榱å®è‹ŠçŒ¸h dyed images are currently under study. The use of ions for surface modification, through the oxidation or grafting PP fibers have the ability to take up the dye monomer, the formation of copolymers, this method is low-cost and ring dyeing effect, but the rubbing fastness is not good, in order to avoid ring dyeing The phenomenon is currently under study.
(a) Directly (seven) x sub-particles polymerization, but the acid copolymerization is not suitable for the copolymerization of oxime M. The success rate is not high. (a) The ion is introduced directly into the polymer of the fiber, but the success rate of the copolymerization of the acidic comonomer as a catalyst is not high.
(b) After the polymerization, the grafting of the polymerization before the injection was successful. However, the success rate was not high, but a new method was developed. (b) After polymerization, grafting of the primary bond of the polymer is performed before injection. Although the success rate in the past was not high, new methods have emerged.
(3) Add to add ???nbsp; (3) Add additives:
In the "PP" form, you will add "Additional", "Sell", "Personal", "New", "N", "N", "I", and "I". It is based on O polymerization. It is added in PP. It is dyeable, and can be dyed with basic dyes or acid dyes. ┑ ? ? ? ? ? e e e e e e 有 有 e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e. Additives are added to the PP fiber matrix. This additive has the ability to accept dyes to improve its dyeability. This method is widely used in the industry. Most of the tests are based on adding polar polymers to the PP fiber with acid or alkali. The nature of the group, which makes it dyeable, can be dyed with a salt-based dye or an acid dye. The classes of additives are vinyl acridine, sulfonic acid, copolyamide, tertiary amine, and the like.
However, as of now, these methods have not yet been implemented, because the physical properties of the equipment are greatly reduced. Adding ┩猓 ┩猓 å—« å—« å—« å—« å—« 到 到 到 到 到 到 到 到 到 到 到 到 到 到 到 Q Q Q Q 之 之 之 之 Q Q Q - Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q - - - - - - - There are CNi-complexes bio-combination, by shifting dyes and dyes, to the effect of fixing color. Such as the injection of ???, dye limit, dark color is not easy, color chromaticity is insufficient, etc., coupled with the dyeing is not easy, and then bad, poor control of the batch is not easy, so that the use of Ni-modified PP Restricted, the current product is still in the carpet? 橹鳌H 刂 刂 刂 刂 埃 庑┓ 庑┓ 薹ㄊ 薹ㄊ 薹ㄊ 薹ㄊ 薹ㄊ 薹ㄊ 薹ㄊ 薹ㄊ 薹ㄊ 薹ㄊ 薹ㄊ 瞪 瞪 瞪 瞪 瞪 滦 滦 滦 滦 滦 滦 滦 滦 recovery å³ å³ å³ åª åª åªThe source file is suspended, and the record is displayed. The record is displayed on the screen. The reason for sexuality is to cooperate with organic Ni-complexes at the melting point of the fibers to achieve the fixing effect by dye migration and infiltration into fibers. The industry has a more feasible approach, but there are still shortcomings, such as injection problems, dye limitations, dark coloration is not easy, color shade is insufficient, etc., coupled with difficult to change dyeing, poor reproducibility, poor batch control, environmental protection issues, making Ni -modified PP is limited in use, and the current product is still dominated by carpets.
Billy Laboratories Research Center I, the research center of the Institute of Industrial and Commercial Engineers, is studying the process of adding research materials to increase the safety of the dyeable PP. ? ç ‘ ç ‘ ç ‘ ┑ ┑ ┑ ┑ a å“ å“ å“ å“ å“ å“ å“ å“ å“ å“ , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 希望 希望 希望 希望 希望 希望. Sexual energy, dyestuffs, antibiotics, dyes, dyes, dyes, dyes, dyes, dyes, dyes, dyes, dyes, dyes, dyes, dyes, dyes, dyes, dyes, dyes, dyes, dyes The demand for adding a new product to a product is an important one. The Belgian Fiber Industry Research Center conducts research and development on PP fibers and develops environmentally friendly dyeable PP fibers in the form of additives. According to past research, a large number of screening tests have been conducted on additives and hope to identify them with PP. The fibrous matrix has compatible hydrophobic additives, and at the same time, sufficient polar groups react with the dye to achieve dyeability. However, the properties of the two fibers are antagonistic to each other and cannot be considered at the same time. The need for these two characteristics, additive screening is a key issue.
The evaluation of the compatibility of this additive and the compatibility of the additive and the fiber aggregate is evaluated as
◠Add ┑ ┑ 6 nbsp; ◠Additive granularity
â— Divider on the foundation â— Distribution in the fibrous matrix
â— Does not affect the stability of the process â— Does not affect the stability of the process
â— Physical and chemical properties that do not affect â— Does not affect the physical properties and chemical properties of the fiber
As dyeability? Estimate? T ?? in advance by the disperse addicted old ??? U drive? Row processing, by k / s values? U given pestle add? ┲? N? And? Mistaken caries? Drying In this way, after adding the settings, you will be given a step-by-step process to improve the quality of your dyes, especially for dyes. Most of the fastness properties of most of the products, most of the disperse dyes, after dyeing, generally have poor light fastness, even if they have good light fastness, In order to mechanically savor humans to remain in the same state as the F-images, the PP-based dye molecules exhibited anti-tantalidal properties, and they had to throw their brothers and brothers to try to repel them. Therefore, PP ?? use of dyes must be? ?? one by one, and? together with the general method O? ?? ?? feces fear of staining ordered stony Guo? [Sigma dry taste sewing? scull plaque? u brain estimated mean? play? playing fleaç ‘ ç ‘ ┑ ┑ ┑ ┑ ┑ ┑ ┑ ┑ ┑ ┑ ┑ ┑ 拘 拘 拘 拘 拘 拘 拘 拘 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 , resulting in a decrease in color rate and crocking fastness. As for the evaluation of dyeability, the previously selected disperse dyes were processed according to the standard dyeing process, and the k/s value was used to evaluate the types and concentrations of the additives. The dyeing temperature was used to investigate the transferability of the PP fibers when additives were added. After the category is determined, further experiments must be carried out. Especially for dye screening, the fastness characteristics of the final product must be taken into consideration. After the disperse dyes dye PP fibers, their light fastness is generally poor, even if The good light fastness of ester fiber can not reach the level of fastness it should have. It has a low phenomenon. It shows that the reaction between PP fiber matrix and dye molecules has a great influence on the light fastness. Therefore, PP fiber is used. The dyes must be screened one by one, and cannot be measured by the standard of general synthetic dyeing. In addition, the rubbing fastness is also an important evaluation index. Therefore, the dyeability of the additives will be limited to a narrow range. There are also limitations. When dyeing is oversaturated, the dye molecules can easily remain on the fibers, resulting in a decrease in color rate and fastness to rubbing.
After the completion of the disperse dyes, it will be used by the laboratory to evaluate the old ones, and the old ones will be evaluated. , dye fixation? skull burning pair of old? r ??? w? of color film? most? scull plaque? 5 cents a tight corner juvenile ⑷ Nine stalk ⊥ BU Alexandra intestinal worm? moisture flute maple tuck dragonfly? ∪ older than colonization? cystatin sea ​​turtle? Huaixiangnalan collapse? ⒔? old? pepper ㄓ chessboard complain Lake ǎ ?? turnip guide wood? starlings? old? lying? Louranbajiu? Benweiyunsong? Carolina cents? Postscript Man-Chai? plaque ?? Nbsp;
After adding the evaluation, the nature of the property, as mentioned above, has been changed so that the PP base contains stained seats, and the other is compatible with the cPP. The burning rate and the rate of dyeing and dyeing of the film will be determined. The accuracy of the process will be determined, the data will be updated, and the data will be added.耘浜 耘浜 æ´Œ æ´Œ æ´Œ ç¼® ç¼® ç¼® a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a The addition of @@@ has good dyeability (? and force, dark color), or a high or low additive amount, both of which are dyeable and can be applied to The whole, but still with 8% of the dyeability and fastness can be reduced to the province of L ç ‘è›¹ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ straw ∑ èž… 湫 湫 缜 缜 缜 缜 缜 缜 缜 缜 缜 缜 缜 晃 晃 晃 晃 P P P P P P P P P P P The matrix contains dyed mats, and the other is to improve the compatibility with the PP fibers. The combination of the two can increase the dye uptake rate and the dyeing rate of the PP fibers. For the stability of the process, the rheology of the PP fibers and additives must be targeted. With the help of equipment, it is possible to produce different fibers, which have now been commercialized by Elf-Atochem under the trade name Chromatex. During the process, adding 8% of additives, that is to obtain good dyeability (affinity, dark color), or high or low addition amount, will affect its dyeability, can be adjusted according to the actual needs of the industry, However, the dyeability and fastness of 8% can still meet the standard.
In the dyeing process of the PP, the different company's disperse dyes were dyed and dyed at 120°C and 100°C. In the plan to develop the dyeability of PP fibers, different company's disperse dyes were screened for testing, and the exhaustion method was performed at 120° C. and 100° C. as shown in FIG. 1 .
The main factor of dyestuffs is the main factor for dyestuffs screening.
â— Color rate â—Color rate
Fixation rate Fixation rate
◠囟 囟 嫘 to 嫘? nbsp; â—; temperature dependence
â— Light fastness, rubbing fastness â—Light fastness, rubbing fastness
â— Health â— B??? â— Ecological issues
Because of the difference in dyeing materials, the dyeing process is not limited to the dyeing process, and the dye company's dyestuffs are also subject to reservations. The o method is to remove the old dye from the dye, and then use the recipe to determine the content of the product. In order to achieve good quality, it is important to ensure that the quality of the dye is not bad. Older, control dyes, tombs, and raw materials caused by waves and products caused by decline. Due to the different dyeing materials, it is not possible to screen dyes based on the rule of thumb of dyeing polyester fibers in the past, and dye companies have also retained the dye structure so that their dyeing properties and fastness cannot be judged by the dye structure. Through the experimental one-by-one screening, to determine it, Figure 2 shows that after the test, it reaches the standard, although the fastness or not and the dye concentration has a great relationship, PP fiber staining concentration is high, easy to reduce the coloring rate And rubbing fastness, so when dyeing, it is necessary to control the range of dye concentration, to avoid waste caused by supersaturation and quality degradation.
In addition to the factors mentioned above, the dye can also be divided into two types: one that is dyed with a good dye, because of its close dyeing rate, affected by the material. Low, the second one, the second one, the fourth one, the fourth one, and the fourth one, the different needs of the dyeing process, but whether the compatibility is good or not is still one step ahead. Σ Σ 冉 冉 冉 蚶 蚶 蚶 蚶 蚶 ??? ??? ??? ??? W ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? 留 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 三 得 一旦 一旦 一旦 一旦 一旦 一旦 一旦 一旦 一旦Different, the value and its value are also different, some dyes are 舛鹊5%. Some ?t are about 2% higher. In addition to the above-mentioned factors, the dyestuffs can also be divided into three parts. One is a dye with a good combination of three primary colors. Because it has a closer dyeing rate, it is less affected by the material and the other is a high fastness. The disperse dyes can be suitable for different dyeing process needs, but their compatibility is still good, and still need to be further confirmed. The third is high light fastness, but the rubbing fastness is reduced, mainly due to excessive residual fiber disperse dyes. From the test of Fig. 3, it is known that once the saturation point is exceeded, the quality is greatly reduced, and each dye structure is different, and its saturation value is also different. Some dye concentrations are lower than 0.5%, and some are as high as about 2%.
D. Dye, dyestuff, dyestuff, odor, odor, and taste
Dyesfuff conc type ΣK/S 420-680nm ΣK/S420-680nm dyed at 120°C lightfastness dyed at 120°C lightfastness rubfastness dry rubfastness dry wet
Polanil Red BF Polanil Red BF anthraquin one anthraquin one
0.05% 19 6 4/5-5 4/5-5
0.1% 32 6 4/5 4/5-5
0.5% 112 7+ 4-4/5 4/5
0.75% 135 7+ 4-4/5 4/5
1.25% 167 7+ 2/3-3 3
1.5% 156 7+ 2/3 2/3-3
2% 154 7+ 2-2/3 2/3-3
From International Dyer August 1998 From International Dyer August 1998
Basically, the dyestuff fan is used in the development of the old process, which uses a PP-based disperse dyeing process to dye at a temperature of 120°C at 5°C to 120°C. Dyeing, branding, merchandising, merchandising, and recovery can also increase the value of coloring.瞥 鼋 鼋 鼋 鼋 徊 奶 奶 奶 奶 奶 奶 奶 ? P P? P fiber disperse dye staining temperature of 95 ~ 120 °C, in the dyeing temperature of 120 °C, can improve the dyeing rate, and sometimes also increase the color value, the standard The formula flow is as follows:
â— Robbie: 1:10 â— Robbie: 1:10
â— Dyes: 1% â— Dyes: 1%
â— Dispersion rate: 1g/l â—Dispersion rate: 1g/l
â— PH: 4.5 to 5 â— PH: 4.5 to 5
â— Dyeing?囟00°C×50～60min or 120°C×50～60min â—Dyeing temperature 100°C×50～60min or 120°C×50～60min
â— The original wash â— Restore wash
â— Na2S2O4: 1g/l â— Na2S2O4: 1g/l
â— Naorl: 3cc/l â— Naorl: 3cc/l
◠l pieces: 30°C × 15' ◠conditions: 30°C × 15'
You can also add the Cibatex APS or Cibafast? 硖岣咂 棺 棺 饩 的 的 的 to improve its light fastness. Cibatex APS or Cibafast can also be added to improve its UV resistance and improve its light fastness.
In line with the above, PP-RTM has a lot to follow in the dyeing technology exhibition, which can be used to improve the quality of products, such as: plastics, textiles, textiles, etc. Products and carpet products, plus PP recycling equipment with the function, with the eye protection, 疑o suspected is a major niche, PP short dyed products currently mold ??? In order to replace the Nylon and PES products in certain cities, you can choose to wear the clothing, or you can replace the Nylon and PES products in specific markets. Bath (6) 娣 . . . 13 13 〠〠〠〠〠〠〠〠毛 毛 毛 毛 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 P P P P P P P P P P , flat fabrics, knitted fabrics, etc., especially the products of vehicle textiles and carpets, together with PP fiber recycling and reuse functions, with the immediate environmental protection issues, is undoubtedly a major niche, PP staple fiber dyeing products are currently not widely used, In the future, with furniture or garments, or partially replacing Nylon and PES, PP-consumable fibers will provide inertness, low water absorption, comfort, insulation, capillary effect, and low density under certain market demands. It has not yet been able to demonstrate its intentions in the middle and lower reaches of the market, and it will not only dismantle new products but also replace existing ones. Different domains. Its future development depends on the development of innovative and different products based on its experience in the textile downstream and downstream industries, or to replace existing products and apply them to different fields.
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