Yuan Wenfeng Huang Mengzhen (Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhoukou Vocational and Technical College, Henan Zhoukou automatically adjusts the status of the lamp according to traffic and environmental conditions. It also has a fault detection function. When a fault occurs, a certain branch sends an alarm signal, and the display part displays the fault light. The address code of the branch is added. Together with the LCD module and the information input module, the street light can be displayed visually and can be controlled.
1 The design and demonstration of the analog street light control system The system innovation automatically detects the traffic condition and adjusts the lighting status in time. In other words, if the system has different test points and different motion states, the lights will not be lit out. When a moving object is about to reach the light, the street light will light up in advance, when the moving object passes the When the street light is about to come under the next street light, the last street light goes out and the next street light lights up. Therefore, the system firstly detects the motion state of the moving object, and also requires the controller to change according to the change of the environment to form the purpose of the intelligent control light being turned off.
Through analysis, the system designed a light control switch to achieve this function.
The system uses a single-chip microcomputer to control the street light to be turned off. When the object is detected to move, the detected signal is transmitted back to the single-chip microcomputer, and the single-chip microcomputer controls the LED light according to the signal.
Solution 1: Use a photoresistor to detect the signal of a moving object. According to the sensitivity principle of the photoresistor to the light, when the brightness of the photoresist is increased, the resistance of the photoresistor is reduced, so that the output voltage is increased to a high level, and because of the series voltage division, the level needs to be added at this time. The conversion circuit converts the output signal to a low level and inputs it to the microcontroller for control. The disadvantage of this scheme is that the photoresistor has a wide metering range, high sensitivity and wide response range. Then, if the system is to be carried out smoothly, the moving object needs to have a light source, and the photoresistor is also affected by other lights such as street lamps, so that it cannot work normally. In order to save costs, we can use the characteristics of the photoresistor to design circuits such as photoelectric switches and fault detection.
Scheme 2: According to the analysis of the first scheme, the working principle of the photoelectric switch is based on the beam emitted by the transmitting end, and is reflected by the object, and the receiving end judges whether an object passes by. If no light is refracted back, the output is high; otherwise, it outputs a low level. The MCU then makes corresponding control according to the level of the receiving end. In this way, it is judged whether the moving object has passed the set position. The specific design is to install a photoelectric switch on one side of the road, using E3F-DS10C4, which has long life and high reliability. The LED indicator can detect the state of the sensor, which is economical and easy to operate. Manually adjust a knob on the probe to control the sensitivity of the probe. The farthest detection distance is 30 cm, which meets the design system requirements and is installed on the roadside without affecting the normal running of the road.
The system uses the clock system to set the switch light time and display the set time through the display system. The single-chip microcomputer uses the clock system to control the entire branch to switch the lights on time. Then the keyboard is the best component to manually set the input information. Manually operate the keyboard input to modify and set the display information. The system uses four independent buttons to achieve: mode, function, shift and increase. The mode keys are divided into automatic and manual; the function key menus are: clock, LED street light 1 on and off time, LED street light 2 on and off time, and the address number of the faulty street light is displayed, and the function keys are also adjustable. A menu that needs to be set. Add a key to change the selected value. The shift key is used to select the value to be modified. The focus here is on the design of the display system.
It will take up too much system resources, display less information, need to be refreshed cyclically, and consume a lot of power.
If the single-chip dedicated 08032 liquid crystal display is used, only 11 interfaces of the single-chip microcomputer are occupied, and the dynamic scanning and scrolling display information save resources. 1.3 The light and dark environment detection and sound and light alarm function adopts the photosensitive characteristics of the photoresistor, and the E3F-DS10C4 is made into a photosensitive sensor to sense the change of the surrounding environment, control and detect the light of the lamp. According to the basic requirements of the problem, the system control has two and Normal modes. The system uses three light-sensitive sensors, two of which are used to detect the fault of the street light, and the other is used to sense the change of the light and dark of the environment. When the environment is dark, the system enters the automatic mode: when the object is detected, whether the light is on. If the bright street light is not bright, and the light sensor of the branch detects the signal that the light is not bright when the light is not working normally, the information is transmitted to the single chip microcomputer, and the sound and light alarm is controlled by the single chip microcomputer, and the number of the faulty street light is determined. Displayed through the LCD liquid crystal.
According to the needs of dimming, choose the LED lamp with rated voltage 3v and rated power 1W. According to the power formula: P = UI to get the current required by the LED.
In the above, we first selected the LM317 three-terminal adjustable positive voltage regulator integrated circuit. The dimming part adopts PWM control. Under the assumption that the output frequency of the control circuit is constant, by adjusting its duty ratio, the output power of the street lamp driving power supply can be automatically reduced according to the set requirement within a specified time, and the output power can be adjusted to make it Set within a certain range.
2.1 constant current source power supply and dimming circuit, so it can be found that R is 3.7 ohms, that is, 3.7 ohms is needed to meet the output current of 330 mA. Since the driving power of LED is relatively large, two 6.8 ft / 2 W are used. The resistors are connected in parallel (the measured resistance value is 7.3 ft, and the parallel connection is 3.651) to meet the design requirements.
The analog street light system describes that the system is controlled by the STC8051 single-chip microcomputer, and the diffuse reflection sensor signal conversion circuit inputs the signal to the single-chip microcomputer, and the single-chip microcomputer makes a judgment and performs corresponding operations. If a fault is detected, the microcontroller transmits a signal to the audible and visual alarm circuit. If a moving object is detected, a branch street light is controlled to perform corresponding operations, and the interrupt system is used to set the street light on and off time and display time.
In the environment with or without light source, the system can reach the design requirements after testing, and talk about the pipe frame design in the factory design (Nanjing Zhongtu Digital Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu) economic, more reasonable and beautiful. Due to the impact of the economy, domestic and foreign companies have reduced the project cost and reduced the project risk. Most of the retrofit projects are limited in the situation of the pipeline when the equipment layout is very compact and the design area is very limited. The rationality of the installation of the lower pipe rack is particularly obvious, the most important of which is the pipe rack design of the stress pipeline. The article discusses the comparison and emphasis on the management of the management of state-owned enterprises and the management of a multinational enterprise abroad. Although there are different design concepts and different pipe rack design methods adopted by enterprises, they have the same goal.
From the current transformation project led by process optimization, the purpose of adding new equipment or adding other equipment to the production capacity expansion in the old factory is to reduce the project risk and reduce the land cost. After all, the current social land resources are tense. In the chemical multinational enterprises, after occupying a piece of land, it is necessary to pay more than a geometric multiple. The narrow space must ensure that the direction of the stress pipeline meets the process requirements, and also ensure the rational layout of other pipelines and minimize the old pipelines. Especially the moc of the stress pipeline, the compression construction quantity is shortened, and the other is to increase the control of the project cost, reduce the uncertain factors, avoid the modification of the old pipeline without absolute necessity, and satisfy the process requirements, the beautiful pipeline direction and the bracket arrangement And the convenience and spacious and comfortable operation and maintenance channels for the owners can not be ignored. In many cases, the priority to be considered is that the hangers are not suitable for determining the layout of the pipes. For non-stressed pipes, the arrangement of the pipes is determined to some extent or by the arrangement of the pipes.
It refers to a structural member used for overhead laying pipe support.
It is generally referred to as a tube holder and a u-bolt, etc., which are generally classified into a fixed, a sliding, a guide, and the like.
Refers to what is commonly referred to as a hanger.
According to the load, it is divided into three grades: special light grade (Q), intermediate grade, and special heavy grade (Z. In each load grade, it includes four types of structure: axial sliding, two-way sliding, guiding sliding, and double guiding sliding.
(2) According to the material of the bracket, it can be divided into steel structure, reinforced concrete structure, brick and wood structure.
(3) According to the application, it can be divided into movable brackets (supports that allow the pipeline to be displaced on the brackets and fixed brackets (fixed brackets used on the pipelines. The fixed brackets are used in places where the pipelines are not allowed to have axial displacement. The movable brackets are divided into Sliding brackets, guide brackets and rolling brackets.
The pipe rack design generally includes some sub-frames (including the selection of pipe support, u-bolt, valve frame, etc., the selection of support and hangers (commonly known as secondary brackets in foreign companies, in addition, the selection of spring frames is also included. It belongs to stress pipelines). Stress calculation is needed to determine whether it is necessary to increase the spring frame expansion joint, etc. In addition, the concrete foundation of the pipe support is also the most important part of the installation of the pipe support design, and should be designed. However, in the actual installation, there are If the pipe is not very large in diameter and vibration, it can be installed according to the original pier. If the pipe diameter is large and the vibration is large, the pier should be calculated by design. And some of the brackets with a large load will give csa, that is, the structure of the professional support pier and large pipe rack conditions, including the pipe rack made on the platform, we need to indicate the pipeline load to bear.
5.1 Calculate the span of the pipeline according to the stiffness condition. The span of the horizontal straight pipeline with uniform load is: load, N/m; q = pipe weight + additional weight; E1-steel elastic coefficient N/mm; Section moment of inertia; i0-pipe drainage gradient G>=0.002 5.2 According to the strength condition, the span of the pipeline is continuously laid. The span of the horizontal straight pipeline with uniform load is: load, N/m; q=pipe weight + additional Weight; W-pipe section bending section coefficient (cm) road transverse weld coefficient; - steel pipe allowable stress, MPa. 5.3 in engineering design according to strength and stiffness two conditions, take the minimum of the two, as the pipe bracket spacing . Of course, in the actual design process, we generally design according to the metal pipe span table and other pipe span tables.
The metal pipe rack is first to confirm the material of the pipe, carbon steel pipe or stainless steel. There are carbon steel welded pipe supports and stainless steel pipe clamps in the country. Regardless of the pipe material, the pipe supports welded directly on the pipe are not used. Compared with the welding commonly used in state-owned enterprises, foreign countries prefer to use tube-type tube holders and their own claws. The claws are the joints between the profiled steel and the section steel used to clamp our pipe support and its support. It consists of four claws and four sets of bolts and one pad. The admiration of this connector by foreign designers is undoubtedly due to the detachability and adjustability of these hangers, and foreign managers are concerned with the cost of welding, because the domestic welding costs are relative to those of foreign countries. The cost of welding is very low. But in China, it is clear that the cost of using this cat claw is higher than the cost of welding in China. Then look at the type of adiabatic, do not keep warm to decide whether to use u-bolt or tube support. It is particularly important to note that the hot oil pipeline and the pipe support of the cold insulation pipe are different from other metal insulation pipe support, and the above is a reference for the designer of the pipe design.
On the plastic pipe, there is a model of the special pipe support for the plastic pipe. Sometimes, we also add some valve frames, and this valve frame is mostly used for the support of the plastic pipe valve. Since the plastic pipe is not rigid enough, the span is small, it is recommended to have The valve must be added, especially the support of the instrument valve.
When the moving object is detected and responds in time, the control street light is turned off.
3.1 Diffuse Reflectance Sensor Detection Probe Point Sensor Detection Range Signal No Signal Output Waveform Detection Result s Point No Detection to Object Normal A Point Greater Than 20cm Detected 1 to Object Normal s Point Normal Analog Street Light Control System Established in Field Terminal and Remote On the basis of control, it is possible to detect the on-site signal and process the signal. Thereby achieving the purpose of better serving pedestrians and vehicles.
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